In 953 Maad al-Muizz, the Fatimid Caliph of Egypt demanded a pen which would not stain his hands and clothes. He was thus provided with pen which help ink in a reservoir and deliverid to the nib. This is the earliest record of a pen with a reservoir. This may have been the first fountain pen, but its mechanics are unkown and there is only one record mentioning its existence.
In 1636 German inventory Daniel Schwenter descrubed a pen made from two quills. One served as the ink reservoir inside the other quill. The ink was sealed inside the quill with cork and squeezed through a small hole to the writing tip. In 1809 a patent in England was issued to Bartholomew Folsch for a pen with an ink reservoir. Romanian Petrache Poenaru invented the fountain pen, which the French Government patented in May 1827. Fountian pen patents and production continued to increase in the 1850s, especially pens produced by John Mitchell.
The first patent on a ballpoint pen was issued on October 30, 1888, to John Loud. Laszlo Biro and his brother George, began work in 1938 on designing a new type of pen with a tiny ball in its tip that was free to turn in a socket. As the pen moved along the paper, the ball rotated, picking up ink from a cartridge and leaving it on the paper. He filed a patent in England in 1938. In 1940 the Biro brother along with their friend, Juan Jorge Meyne moved to Argentina fleeing Nazi Germany and in June of that year filed another patent. They then formed Biro Pens of Argentina. Their first commercial models became available in 1943.
Papermate introduced the erasable ballpoint pen in 1979 when the Erasermate was put on the market
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